В силу своих эксплуатационных характеристик титан широко используется в авиакосмической, военной, автомобильной и других отраслях промышленности. В некоторых случаях он является единственным материалом, с помощью которого можно получить работоспособную конструкцию.
Особую роль этот металл играет в судостроении. Существуют специально разработанные титановые сплавы, которые повсеместно применяются в морской отрасли (ПТ-3В, ПТ-3М и др.). С их помощью производят корпусные и машиностроительные детали кораблей и катеров разного назначения и водоизмещения. Это элементы гребных винтов, двигателей, лопастей турбин, роторов и статоров компрессорных установок и т. д.
Исходным сырьём является титановый металлопрокат (круг, шестигранник, проволока, листовая сталь, слябы, трубы и пр.). Производство нужной заготовки осуществляется на металлообрабатывающих станках, при этом возможны все виды механической обработки, включая:
- точение;
- сверление;
- фрезерование;
- шлифование;
- полирование.
Ввиду особых физико-механических свойств титан плохо поддаётся обработке резанием. Сплав обладает высоким соотношением предела текучести к временному сопротивлению разрыва (0,85-0,95 против 0,65-0,75 для обычных сталей). В итоге при обработке возникает большое удельное усилие, приводящее к высокой температуре в зоне резания. Из-за сильной адгезии частицы титана налипают на инструмент, что вызывает значительное трение. Накопление металла на контактируемых поверхностях приводит к дальнейшему повышению температуры и усилий обработки. Как результат — отклонение геометрических параметров резания от номинальных и преждевременный износ инструмента.
Трудоёмкость обработки титановых сплавов в 3–4 раза выше, чем углеродистых сталей, и в 5–7 раз больше, чем алюминиевых сплавов. Чтобы минимизировать возникающие сложности используют следующие технологические приёмы:
- снижение скорости резания и обильная подача охлаждающей жидкости;
- легирование титановых сплавов водородом (снижает температуру в зоне резания, повышает стойкость твердосплавного инструмента);
- азотирование и оксидирование (изделие покрывается тончайшей плёнкой, защищая заготовку от задирания);
- реализация многооперационного принципа обработки.
Также по теме читайте:
Заказать титановые детали любой сложности можно в «МЗ «Гиперион».
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